. 2015 Jan;105(1):72–76. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301857

TABLE 2—

Unstandardized Parameter Estimates From General Linear Models of Childhood and Adulthood IQ: Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study; Dunedin, New Zealand; 1972–2012

	IQ at Age 7–13 Years (n = 983)		IQ at Age 38 Years (n = 929)
	b (95% CI)	P	b (95% CI)	P
Unadjusted estimates
Area of residence in childhood
Area with CWF	0.15 (–2.96, 3.28)	.92	2.18 (–1.04, 5.39)	.18
Area without CWF	Ref		Ref
Fluoride toothpaste in childhood
Always	0.64 (–1.31, 2.59)	.52	0.01 (–2.00, 2.01)	.99
Sometimes/never/unknown	Ref		Ref
Fluoride tablets in childhood
Ever	0.26 (–2.43, 2.96)	.85	−0.02 (–2.72, 2.71)	.99
Never/unknown	Ref		Ref
Adjusted estimates^a
Area of residence in childhood
Area with CWF	−0.14 (–3.49, 3.20)	.93	3.00 (0.02, 5.98)	.05
Area without CWF	Ref		Ref
Fluoride toothpaste in childhood
Always	0.83 (–0.96, 2.63)	.36	0.19 (–1.42, 1.80)	.82
Sometimes/never/unknown	Ref		Ref
Fluoride tablets in childhood
Ever	−0.25 (–3.18, 2.68)	.87	1.61 (–0.97, 4.19)	.22
Never/unknown	Ref		Ref

Note. CI = confidence interval; CWF = community water fluoridation.

^{^a}

Adjusted estimates for childhood IQ by CWF and other fluoride exposures controlled for sex, socioeconomic status in childhood, low birth weight, and breastfeeding. Analyses for adult IQ by CWF also controlled for educational achievements.