Table 4.

Overall Specific Morbidity and Mortality According to Clavien-Dindo Classification

Complication	Robotic (n = 19)	Open (n = 69)	P
Surgical complications	3 (15.8%)	9 (13%)	.70
Liver failure	0	2 (2.8%)	.10
Biliary leak	2 (10.5%)	1 (1.4%)	.06
Ascites	0	1 (1.4%)	.50
Postoperative hemorrhage	2 (10.5%)	5 (7.2%)	.60
Medical complications	3 (15.8%)	7 (10.1%)	.50
Pneumonia	3 (15.8%)	0	.002
Fever (Positive blood culture)	0	5 (7.2%)	.002
Pleural effusion	2 (10.5%)	0	.006
Other	2 (10.5%)	2 (2.8%)	0
Minor (grade 1)	4 (21.1%)	13 (18.8%)	.80
Major (grades 2–4)	1 (5.3%)	1 (1.4%)