Table 1.

Toxicity effects of different compounds on different cell types

Study	Cells used	Compounds tested	Toxic effects
Nephrotoxicity	Renal tubular cells (HK2)	Cisplatin Carboplatin 5-fluorouracil Cyclophosphamide	≥3 μM ≥1 mM ≥6 mM ≥6 mM
Cytotoxicity	Renal tubular cells (HK2)	Glutathione Sodium thiosulfate	≥2 mM ≥0.5 mM
Cardiotoxicity	Cardiomyocytes	Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase inhibitors	Increased gap formation
Pulmonary toxicity	Pulmonary endothelial	12 waterborne industrial chemicals used	Eight chemicals produced toxicity
Toxins (neurotoxicity/genotoxicity/hepatotoxicity/dermatotoxicity)	Chinese hamster ovary cells	Cylindrospermopsin, microcystin-LR	No effect at 20 μg/mL No effect up to ≤20 μg/mL
	Human embryo kidney cells	Cylindrospermopsin, microcystin-LR	No significant effect No significant effect
	Sf9 insect cells	Cylindrospermopsin, microcystin-LR	No effect at 20 μg/mL Effect at 3.3 μg/mL
Radiation toxicity	Eye cells Skin cells	Different-colored lights Different-colored lights	Time-dependent effect Time-dependent effect

Note: Select applications have been covered and do not represent all the work that has been done in this field.