Fig. 3.

Differences in medial PFC connectivity in bipolar illness and schizophrenia. Pair-wise group comparison for the vACC seed was performed with an independently collected schizophrenia sample (SCZ), demographically matched to the entire bipolar sample (see table 1). Left panels show direct threshold-free contrast mapped within the medial PFC borders marking the cluster that survived the 1-way ANOVA for the bipolar analysis (as shown in figure 1). (a) Direct contrast of BPW and SCZ groups shows a reduced pattern of vACC seed coupling for SCZ group relative to BPW group, corresponding to the finding identified for the BPP relative to BPP group (see figure 2c). (b) In contrast, comparison of BPP vs SCZ samples revealed a more mixed pattern of increased and reduced connectivity for the outlined regions, indicating no specific directional effect. (c) Effect size estimates (Cohen’s d) confirmed robust increase in connectivity for BPW relative to SCZ group. Conversely, there was a substantially smaller difference for BPP relative to SCZ group (evident by virtually complete overlap for the SCZ/BPP distributions in panel (c). For complete pair-wise statistics see table 2.