Table 2.
Identification of variables associated with death within 12 months in the study population (uni- and multivariate)
| Early death (<12 months) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| OR (95%CI) | P-value | OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
| Patients characteristics | ||||
| Male gender | 1.15 (0.60–2.20) | 0.666 | ||
| Age >70 years | 1.92 (0.99–3.72) | 0.052 | 2.73 (0.76–9.80) | 0.124 |
| Jaundice | 2.04 (0.81–5.13) | 0.132 | ||
| Cholangitis at presentation | 2.13 (0.64–7.14) | 0.219 | ||
| Obese (BMI >30) | 0.73 (0.09–6.17) | 0.774 | ||
| Symptomatic | 2.23 (1.07–4.67) | 0.033 | 1.29 (0.14–12.15) | 0.823 |
| Initial serum bilirubin level >200 μmol/l | 1.42 (0.71–2.83) | 0.312 | ||
| Malnutrition | 1.51 (0.42–5.41) | 0.529 | ||
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.43 (0.41–5.00) | 0.577 | ||
| Hypertension | 1.04 (0.45–2.41) | 0.922 | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 1.83 (0.23–14.71) | 0.568 | ||
| COPD | 4.13 (0.05–7.16) | 0.517 | ||
| Renal failure | 2.59 (0.33–20.41) | 0.364 | ||
| Dyslipidemia | 1.17 (0.25–5.46) | 0.840 | ||
| Alcohol abuse | 2.00 (0.57–6.99) | 0.276 | ||
| Tobacco | 1.62 (0.67–3.94) | 0.288 | ||
| Cancer | 1.01 (0.28–3.66) | 0.988 | ||
| Surgical characteristics | ||||
| Right-sided resection | 0.84 (0.55–1.53) | 0.565 | ||
| Portal vein resection | 1.70 (0.79–3.66) | 0.176 | ||
| Vascular clamping | 0.60 (0.81–3.17) | 0.176 | ||
| Intra-operative transfusion | 0.89 (0.48–1.65) | 0.710 | ||
| Tumour characteristics | ||||
| Tumour size >30 mm | 4.49 (1.64–12.33) | 0.004 | 2.47 (1.14–7.34) | 0.001 |
| Bismuth III/IV | 1.61 (0.59–4.43) | 0.353 | ||
| Microscopic vascular invasion | 1.59 (0.03–29.81) | 1.000 | ||
| T stage | 4.01 (1.13–9.27) | 0.001 | ||
| Lymph node involvement | 3.02 (1.06–8.61) | 0.038 | 1.87 (0.56–6.26) | 0.311 |
| Poor differentiation | 3.12 (0.88–4.20) | 0.106 | ||
| R0 resection | 0.64 (0.26–1.58) | 0.329 | ||
| Post-operative outcomes | ||||
| Complication | 4.51 (1.95–10.42) | 0.0001 | ||
| Major complication | 5.22 (2.65–10.23) | 0.0001 | 3.37 (1.04–10.94) | 0.004 |
| Liver-related complication | 1.58 (0.81–3.08) | 0.175 | ||
| Pulmonary complication | 1.09 (0.47–2.52) | 0.831 | ||
| Renal-related complication | 0.97 (0.48–1.98) | 0.935 | ||
| Post-operative treatment | ||||
| Adjuvant chemo | 0.37 (0.11–1.28) | 0.117 | ||
| Adjuvant EBRT | 0.75 (0.27–2.08) | 0.576 | ||
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EBRT, external beam radiation therapy.