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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Biochem Sci. 2014 Mar 24;39(4):170–182. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.02.007

Figure 5. In trans versus in cis action of ncRNAs in gene transcriptional regulation.

Figure 5

(A,B) Classic in cis (A) or in trans (B) actions of regulatory ncRNAs in transcriptional activation. (C) A scenario that one ncRNA can be assumed to regulate a target gene of a long distance (in trans), which is actually mediated indirectly through its primary effect on a cis-target gene. (D) The postulated dual in cis and in trans role of ncRNA within domain of interacting chromatins. ncRNAs (e.g. ncRNA-a and eRNAs) can regulate chromatin looping formation raised a possibility that ncRNAs can stay at where they are produced (in cis) but exert long-distance regulations on a target gene (i.e. interchromosomal interactions), mimicking a trans effect.