Table 1.

Summary of Four Studies.

Sample	Design	Sexism Measures	Control Measures	Mediator Included?	Summary of Main Results
			Study 1
171 Undergraduate  students	Cross-sectional	11-Item neosexism; 15-Item attitudes toward  women; 8-Item attitudes toward feminism  and women’s rights	8-Item right-wing authoritarianism; 4-Item race essentialism; 4-Item gender essentialism; 6-Item ethnic identity attachment and  behavioral involvement; 8-Item gender identity importance and  attachment	No	Polyculturalism significantly associated  with lower neosexism and negative  attitudes toward women as well as  more positive attitudes toward  feminism and women’s rights
			Study 2
265 Undergraduate  students	Cross-sectional	8-Item modern sexism; 5-Item old-fashioned sexism	5-Item multiculturalism (neutral; group  differences); 5-Item colorblindness (neutral; unique  individuals and commonalities)	Yes	Polyculturalism significantly associated  with lower modern and old-  fashioned sexism; openness to criticizing one’s culture  significant mediator of associations of  polyculturalism with modern and old-  fashioned sexism
			Study 3
142 Community adults	Cross-sectional	11-ltem hostile sexism; 11-ltem benevolent sexism; 8-Item attitudes toward feminism  and women’s rights	5-Item multiculturalism (neutral; group  differences); 4-Item multiculturalism (positive; group  differences and contributions); 5-Item colorblindness (neutral; unique  individuals and commonalities); 4-Item colorblindness (positive; unique  individuals and commonalities); 16-Item social dominance orientation; 3-Item conservatism; 12-Item ethnic identity attachment and  behavioral involvement	Yes	Polyculturalism significantly associated  with lower hostile and benevolent  sexism as well as more positive  attitudes toward feminism and  women’s rights; openness to criticizing one’s culture  significant mediator of association of  polyculturalism with attitudes toward  feminism and women’s rights but not  significant mediator of associations of  polyculturalism with hostile or  benevolent sexism
			Study 4
489 Undergraduate  students	Longitudinal	5-Item modern sexism (items  focused on denial of continued  discrimination)	6-Item egalitarianism; 2-Item ethnic identity importance and  attachment; 2-Item gender identity importance and  attachment	No	Polyculturalism significantly  prospectively associated with lower  modern sexism approximately 1 year  later