Table 3.
Sociodemographic and physiological correlates of selected food group consumption, total dietary B12 intake/density and plasma B12 concentration: Mysore Parthenon Birth Cohort, South India
| % reporting highest third of consumption | Total B12 intake (µg/d) | B12 nutrient density (µg/4184 kJ (1000 kcal)) | Plasma B12 (pmol/l) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meat, fish | Enriched beverages | ||||||||||||||
| n | % | P * | % | P * | Median | P25, P75 | P † | Median | P25, P75 | P † | Median | P25, P75 | P † | P ‡ | |
| Religion | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·348 | 0·365 | 0·001 | 0·001 | |||||||||
| Hindu | 293 | 12·3 | 34·1 | 2·8 | 1·4, 4·7 | 1·3 | 0·6, 1·8 | 293 | 241, 366 | ||||||
| Muslim | 180 | 58·3 | 6·7 | 2·9 | 1·8, 3·8 | 1·2 | 0·8, 1·6 | 330 | 266, 424 | ||||||
| Other | 39 | 41·0 | 28·2 | 3·3 | 1·6, 5·4 | 1·4 | 0·6, 2·0 | 344 | 270, 436 | ||||||
| SLI tertile | 0·073 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·006 | 0·034 | |||||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 186 | 34·4 | 11·3 | 2·4 | 1·2, 3·4 | 1·0 | 0·5, 1·5 | 292 | 243, 398 | ||||||
| 2 | 178 | 30·9 | 25·8 | 3·0 | 1·5, 4·2 | 1·3 | 0·7, 1·8 | 313 | 247, 385 | ||||||
| 3 (highest) | 148 | 25·7 | 37·8 | 3·8 | 2·4, 5·2 | 1·5 | 1·1, 2·1 | 322 | 271, 412 | ||||||
| Residence | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·124 | 0·600 | |||||||||
| Urban | 382 | 35·1 | 25·9 | 3·1 | 1·8, 4·6 | 1·3 | 0·8, 1·8 | 318 | 241, 374 | ||||||
| Rural | 130 | 17·7 | 18·5 | 2·3 | 0·9, 3·3 | 0·9 | 0·4, 1·5 | 294 | 255, 407 | ||||||
| Maternal education | 0·287 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·004 | 0·032 | |||||||||
| Illiterate/primary school | 43 | 34·9 | 14·0 | 2·0 | 0·6, 4·3 | 1·0 | 0·4, 1·6 | 318 | 265, 443 | ||||||
| Middle school | 149 | 26·2 | 16·8 | 2·4 | 1·3, 3·6 | 1·0 | 0·5, 1·5 | 287 | 230, 366 | ||||||
| Secondary school | 161 | 35·4 | 23·0 | 2·8 | 1·7, 4·2 | 1·2 | 0·7, 1·6 | 320 | 247, 404 | ||||||
| Higher secondary/above | 159 | 28·9 | 34·6 | 3·6 | 2·3, 5·2 | 1·6 | 1·1, 2·1 | 322 | 271, 416 | ||||||
| Gender | 0·454 | 0·618 | 0·059 | 0·717 | 0·465 | 0·433 | |||||||||
| Male | 237 | 32·5 | 24·5 | 3·1 | 1·8, 4·7 | 1·3 | 0·7, 1·8 | 301 | 248, 393 | ||||||
| Female | 275 | 29·1 | 23·6 | 2·8 | 1·5, 4·3 | 1·2 | 0·7, 1·7 | 314 | 251, 412 | ||||||
| BMI tertile | 0·681 | 0·858 | 0·100 | 0·077 | 0·223 | 0·132 | |||||||||
| 1 (lowest) | 171 | 32·2 | 24·0 | 2·9 | 1·5, 4·2 | 1·2 | 0·6, 1·7 | 317 | 256, 423 | ||||||
| 2 | 171 | 32·8 | 23·4 | 2·8 | 1·4, 4·5 | 1·1 | 0·6, 1·7 | 305 | 254, 374 | ||||||
| 3 (highest) | 170 | 27·1 | 24·7 | 3·0 | 1·8, 4·7 | 1·3 | 0·8, 1·8 | 304 | 247, 401 | ||||||
B12, vitamin B12; P25, 25th percentile; P75, 75th percentile; SLI, Standard of Living Index.
Pearson’s χ 2 test of proportions.
Spearman’s correlation coefficient P values (for continuous variables: SLI and BMI) or Wilcoxon rank-sum test (for comparison of two categories: residence, gender) or Kruskal–Wallis equality-of-populations rank test (for examination across more than two categories: religion, maternal education).
Multivariable linear regression likelihood ratio test (effectively, H0: there is no association between sociodemographic/physiological factor X and log(plasma B12 concentration) when children’s daily dietary B12 intake is controlled for; Ha: there is a linear association between factor X and log(plasma B12 concentration) independent of dietary B12).