Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics for STEMI-related hospitalizations in California, 2008–2011
| Overall (N=62,021) |
Outpatient- onset STEMI (N=58,953) |
Inpatient-onset STEMI (N=3,068) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | ||||
| Patient Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years; mean (SD)) | 65.2 (14.1) | 64.9 (14.1) | 71.5 (13.5) | <0.001 |
| Female | 20,316 (32.8%) | 18,865 (32.0%) | 1,451 (47.4%) | <0.001 |
| Race / Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| White | 37,701 (63.8%) | 35,787 (63.7%) | 1,914 (64.9%) | |
| Black | 3,106 (5.3%) | 2,928 (5.2%) | 178 (6%) | |
| Hispanic | 11,391 (19.3%) | 10,913 (19.4%) | 478 (16.2%) | |
| Asian | 5,069 (8.6%) | 4,756 (8.5%) | 313 (10.6%) | |
| Native American | 38 (0.1%) | 35 (0.1%) | 3 (0.1%) | |
| Other | 1,812 (3.1%) | 1,749 (3.1%) | 63 (2.1%) | |
| CAD Risk Factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 40,692 (65.6%) | 38,588 (65.5%) | 2,104 (68.6%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes w/o chronic complications | 15,526 (25%) | 14,814 (25.1%) | 712 (23.2%) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes w/ chronic complications | 3,538 (5.7%) | 3,195 (5.4%) | 343 (11.2%) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 7,582 (12.2%) | 7,279 (12.3%) | 303 (9.9%) | <0.001 |
| Current Smoker | 14,337 (23.1%) | 14,032 (23.8%) | 305 (9.9%) | <0.001 |
| Former Smoker | 8,445 (13.6%) | 7,964 (13.5%) | 481 (15.7%) | <0.001 |
| Major Comorbid Conditions | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 13,456 (21.7%) | 12,546 (21.3%) | 910 (29.7%) | <0.001 |
| Valvular disease | 5,358 (8.6%) | 4,941 (8.4%) | 417 (13.6%) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary circulation disease | 1,598 (2.6%) | 1,427 (2.4%) | 171 (5.6%) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5,056 (8.2%) | 4,490 (7.8%) | 466 (15.2%) | <0.001 |
| Paralysis | 1,313 (2.1%) | 1,134 (1.9%) | 179 (5.8%) | <0.001 |
| Other neurological disorders | 3,261 (5.3%) | 2,948 (5%) | 313 (10.2%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 9,452 (15.2%) | 8,718 (14.8%) | 734 (23.9%) | <0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 4,861 (7.8%) | 4,483 (7.6%) | 378 (12.3%) | <0.001 |
| Renal failure | 7,880 (12.7%) | 7,075 (12%) | 805 (26.2%) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 1,104 (1.8%) | 964 (1.6%) | 140 (4.6%) | <0.001 |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome | 160 (0.3%) | 152 (0.3%) | 8 (0.3%) | 0.98 |
| Lymphoma | 296 (0.5%) | 257 (0.4%) | 39 (1.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Metastatic cancer | 738 (1.2%) | 552 (0.9%) | 186 (6.1%) | <0.001 |
| Solid tumor w/out metastasis | 921 (1.5%) | 811 (1.4%) | 110 (3.6%) | <0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer | 30 (0.1%) | 25 (0.1%) | 5 (0.2%) | 0.03 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1,131 (1.8%) | 1,039 (1.8%) | 92 (3%) | <0.001 |
| Coagulopathy | 1,859 (3%) | 1,613 (2.7%) | 246 (8%) | <0.001 |
| Weight loss | 1,464 (2.4%) | 1,171 (2.0%) | 294 (9.6%) | <0.001 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 8,748 (14.1%) | 7,884 (13.4%) | 864 (28.2%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 437 (0.7%) | 359 (0.6%) | 78 (2.5%) | <0.001 |
| Deficiency anemia | 8,144 (13.1%) | 7,296 (12.4%) | 848 (27.6%) | <0.001 |
| Depression | 2,907 (4.7%) | 2,694 (4.6%) | 213 (6.9%) | <0.001 |
| Psychosis | 1,286 (2.1%) | 1,175 (2.0%) | 111 (3.6%) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 2,145 (3.5%) | 2,000 (3.4%) | 145 (4.7%) | <0.001 |
| Drug abuse | 1,906 (3.1%) | 1,842 (3.1)% | 64 (2.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Characteristics | ||||
| PCI capability | 53,168 (85.7%) | 50,979 (86.5%) | 2,189 (71.4%) | <0.001 |
| Diagnostic cardiac catheterization only | 3,645 (5.9%) | 3,345 (5.7%) | 300 (9.8%) | <0.001 |
| Nocardiac catheterization capability | 5,208 (8.4%) | 4,629 (7.9%) | 579 (18.9%) | <0.001 |
| Facility Size (based on annual discharges) | <0.001 | |||
| Quartile 1 (lowest) | 419 (0.7%) | 340 (0.6%) | 79 (2.6%) | |
| Quartile 2 | 5,638 (9.1%) | 5,253 (8.9%) | 381 (12.4%) | |
| Quartile 3 | 16,667 (26.9%) | 15,821 (26.8%) | 846 (27.6%) | |
| Quartile 4 (highest) | 39,301 (63.4%) | 37,539 (63.7%) | 1,762 (57.4%) | |
P-values for comparison of outpatient-onset STEMI vs inpatient-onset STEMI by t-test for continuous variables and chisquared test for binary/categorical variables. Missing values in gender (59) and race (2904). ‘Other neurological disorders’ is a specific term defined by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). The mean and range for number of annual discharges was 1422 (172, 2228) for Quartile 1, 4561 (2249, 6111) for Quartile 2, 9627 (6112, 12680) for Quartile 3, 19392 (12762, 47502) for Quartile 4.