TABLE 2.

Meta-analyzed associations between sleep duration, BMI, and macronutrient intake and stratified by age and sex¹

		BMI, kg/m2		PUFA, % of total energy		MUFA, % of total energy		SFA, % of total energy		Total fat, % of total energy		Total carbohydrate, % of total energy		Total protein, % of total energy
Participants	N2	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P
All	14,906	−0.16 ± 0.04	2.06 ×10−5	0.01 ± 0.01	0.37*	0.01 ± 0.02	0.54*	−0.02 ± 0.02	0.40*	0.02 ± 0.05	0.99*	−0.07 ± 0.06	0.23*	0.001 ± 0.02	0.96
M, aged 20–64 y	5022	−0.23 ± 0.07	0.0007	−0.01 ± 0.02	0.64	−0.05 ± 0.04	0.30	−0.11 ± 0.05	0.03	−0.17 ± 0.11	0.11	0.08 ± 0.12	0.52	−0.04 ± 0.05	0.32
F, aged 20–64 y	5297	−0.10 ± 0.08	0.26*	0.01 ± 0.02	0.83*	0.01 ± 0.04	0.88*	−0.10 ± 0.05	0.04	−0.09 ± 0.10	0.38	0.04 ± 0.12	0.76	−0.03 ± 0.05	0.54
M, aged 65–80 y	1958	−0.19 ± 0.07	0.005	−0.02 ± 0.02	0.42	0.03 ± 0.05	0.60*	0.03 ± 0.05	0.47	0.02 ± 0.10	0.85*	−0.13 ± 0.14	0.36	0.01 ± 0.05	0.80
F, aged 65–80 y	2629	−0.11 ± 0.08	0.16	0.05 ± 0.02	0.02	0.05 ± 0.04	0.15*	0.05 ± 0.04	0.20*	0.18 ± 0.09	0.05*	−0.31 ± 0.12	0.007	0.07 ± 0.04	0.09

¹Adjusted for age, sex, BMI (except for BMI outcome), and study site (in the CHS, InCHIANTI, and MESA). Sleep duration defined as weekday/workday self-reported sleep duration as usual hours of sleep per night. Association coefficients are shown as βs ± SEs. β represents the change in BMI (in kg/m²) or macronutrient intake (percentage of total energy) per each additional hour of sleep. Heterogeneity statistics (I²) are presented in Supplemental Table 6. *I² > 30%. CHS, Cardiovascular Health Study; InCHIANTI, Invecchiare in Chianti (Aging in the Chianti Area); MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

²Number of independent observations in each association analysis.