Table 3.
Association between vascular calcified plaque scores and mortality in DHS participants based on Cox Proportional Hazards regression
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| CAC | 2.02 (1.63-2.52) | 2.58 × 10−10 | 1.87 (1.45-2.41) | 1.31 × 10−6 | 1.76 (1.36-2.27) | 2.01 × 10−5 |
| CarCP | 1.93 (1.61-2.32) | 2.42 × 10−12 | 1.62 (1.34-1.96) | 5.81 × 10−7 | 1.54 (1.27-1.87) | 1.37 × 10−5 |
| AACP | 1.72 (1.51-1.97) | 3.55 × 10−15 | 1.45 (1.24-1.69) | 2.24 × 10−6 | 1.39 (1.18-1.62) | 5.40 × 10−5 |
| Multi-bed | 1.81 (1.57-2.09) | 2.22 × 10−16 | 1.60 (1.36-1.88) | 1.72 × 10−8 | 1.52 (1.29-1.81) | 1.13 × 10−6 |
| CVD mortality | ||||||
| CAC | 2.24 (1.60-3.13) | 2.24 × 10−6 | 2.01 (1.38-2.93) | 0.0003 | 1.88 (1.29-2.73) | 0.001 |
| CarCP | 2.20 (1.65-2.94) | 6.62 × 10−8 | 1.76 (1.31-2.36) | 0.0002 | 1.71 (1.27-2.29) | 0.0004 |
| AACP | 1.91 (1.57-2.32) | 1.01 × 10−10 | 1.53 (1.20-1.95) | 0.0006 | 1.51 (1.19-1.92) | 0.0009 |
| Multi-bed | 2.00 (1.63-2.46) | 2.73 × 10−11 | 1.71 (1.34-2.18) | 1.26 × 10−5 | 1.67 (1.32-2.13) | 2.62 × 10−5 |
Calcified plaque scores are considered as continuous variables and standardized to compare relative effects.
Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and anti-hypertensive medication use.
CAC: coronary artery calcified plaque; CarCP: carotid artery calcified plaque; AACP – abdominal aortic calcified plaque.