Table 1.

Selected data on population, health worker coverage, and iCCM for intervention countries

Characteristic	Malawi	Rwanda	Ethiopia
Population (thousands) (2012)*	14 573	10 537	84 838
Population, percentage rural (2010)†	80	81	83
Community and traditional health worker density (per 1000 population)*	0.732 (2008)	1.415 (2004)	0.364 (2009)
Community health policy with full iCCM package‡	2006	2008	2010 (pneumonia added)
iCCM implementation commenced§	2008	2008	2011
CHW name and profile (paid/unpaid, training duration etc)#	Health Surveillance Assistant (HSA). Paid cadre. Initial 12 weeks training in preventive health including primary health care, the EHP, community assessment and mobilization, the role of the VHC, CBHC, WASH, common diseases, patient follow up, and health education. Follow on trainings cover family planning, pre and postnatal care, immunization, nutrition, growth monitoring, iCCM, infection prevention and universal precautions.	Community Health Worker (CHW)/binomes. Volunteer cadre with performance paid based on results, and grouped in cooperatives with start up capital since 2008. 4 weeks training in primary health care services specializing in family planning and iCCM as well as providing information and education on the importance of pre and postnatal care, and other programs including CBP, CBNP, Immunization, DOT, NCDs.	Health Extension Worker (HEW). Paid cadre. 10 months training in environmental sanitation; health and nutrition education; pre and postnatal care; family planning; child health including immunization and iCCM; community mobilization.
Number of CHWs nationwide who manage iCCM products¶	3746	30 000	30 000
Number (and types) of products managed per CHW on routine basis (2010)**	Up to 19 (iCCM, FP, HIV)	~ 6–12 (iCCM, and/or FP)	50+ (iCCM, family planning (FP), HIV, vaccines, other essential medicines)

CBHC – community based health clinic, CBNP –community based nutrition program, CHW – community health worker, DOT – directly observed therapy for tuberculosis, EHP – essential health package, FP – family planning, HEW – health extension worker, HIV – human immunodeficiency virus, HSA – health surveillance assistant, iCCM – integrated community case management, NCDs – neglected communicable diseases, VHC – village health clinic, WASH – water sanitation and hygiene

*Source: Republic of Rwanda National Institute of Statistics Rwanda: 2012 Population and Housing Census. Report on the Provisional Results, November 2012.

†WHO Global Health Observatory.

‡‘Full iCCM package’ defined as CHWs providing treatment for uncomplicated pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria in children under five. Sources: Ethiopia National Implementation Plan for Community–based Case Management of Common Childhood Illness; IMCI Approach Policy For Accelerated Child Survival and Development in Malawi. 2006; Rwanda National Community Health Policy, 2008, respectively.

§Source: USAID Malawi Community Case Management Evaluation, May 2011, key informant interviews.

§Soure: Advancing Partners in Communities Community Health Systems Catalog.

¶Source: UNICEF 2013 iCCM Survey.

**Source: Advancing Partners in Communities Community Health Systems Catalog and key informant interviews.