Table 2.
Major mast-cell-derived mediators and their physiological effects [22].
| Class | Mediators | Physiological effects |
|---|---|---|
| Performed mediators | Histamine, serotonin, heparin, neutral proteases (tryptase and chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G), major basic protein, hydrolase, peroxidase, phospholipases | Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, angiogenesis, mitogenesis, pain, protein processing/degradation, lipid/proteoglycan, arachidonic acid generation, tissue damage, inflammation |
|
| ||
| Lipid mediators | LTB4, LTC4, PGE2, PGD2, PAF | Leucocyte chemotaxis, vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, platelet activation, vasodilation |
|
| ||
| Cytokines | TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, IL-25, SCF, MIF | Inflammation, leucocyte migration/proliferation |
|
| ||
| Chemokines | CXCL8, CCL3, CCL2, CCL7, CCL13, CCL5, CCL11, CCL19 | Chemoattraction and tissue infiltration of leucocytes |
|
| ||
| Growth factors | CSE, GM-CSF, bFGF, VEGE, NGF, LIF | Growth of various cell types, vasodilation, neovascularization, angiogenesis |
SCF, stem cell factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; NGF, nerve growth factor.