Fig. 6.

MACROD2 overexpression results in estrogen-independent tumor formation in vivo, and overexpression in primary breast cancers is associated with worse survival in luminal A/B tumors. (A) TamR clones and their shRNA-expressing counterparts (shRNA3 or shRNA5) were inoculated into female athymic nude mice (2 × 10⁶ cells per mouse) in reduced growth factor Matrigel. After 42 d, mice were killed and tumor volume was measured. Results are representative of three independent experiments with 10 mice per group. *P < 0.05. (B) MACROD2 amplification and overexpression (greater than twofold) were used as parameters to query The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer database, limited to luminal A/B (i.e., ER positive) tumors as described in the text. Shown is a Kaplan–Meier estimate of overall survival between patients with luminal A/B primary breast cancers with amplification or overexpression of MACROD2 (red) and those without (blue).