Table 2.
Characteristics of the datasets used to create the prognostic models and the INRO-PH validation dataset
| Model | Measure or Category | INRO-PH | IMPACT | CRASH | Nijmegen: RUBICS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Moderate | Severe | Total | ||||
| N | 778 | 8,509 | 10,008 | 126 | 574 | 700 | |
| Age (median, IQR) | Years | 50 (28-69) | 30 (21-45) | - | - | - | |
| Age (mean, SD) | Years | 49 (23) | - | 37 (17) | 48 (22) | 43 (20) | |
| GCS at ED (median, IQR) | Points | 3 (3-8) | - | - | 11 | 3 | |
| GCS at randomization (N, %) | Mild (13-14) | - | - | 30% | - | - | |
| Moderate (9-12) | - | - | 30% | - | - | ||
| Severe (3-8) | - | - | 40% | - | - | ||
| Motor GCS on admission (N, %) | None (1) | 244 (31%) | 1,395 (16%) | - | - | - | |
| Extension (2) | 31 (4%) | 1,042 (12%) | - | - | - | ||
| Abnormal flexion (3) | 72 (9%) | 1,085 (13%) | - | - | - | ||
| Normal flexion (4) | 133 (17%) | 1,940 (23%) | - | - | - | ||
| Localizes/obeys (5/6) | 218 (28%) | 2,591 (30%) | - | - | - | ||
| Untestable/missing | 80 (10%) | 456 (5%) | - | - | - | ||
| Pupillary reactivity (N, %) | Both pupils reactive | 371 (71%) | 4,486 (63%) | 83% | 117 (93%) | 374 (65%) | 491 (70%) |
| One pupil reactive | 31 (6%) | 886 (12%) | 7% | 6 (5%) | 74 (13%) | 80 (11%) | |
| No pupil reactive | 123 (23%) | 1,754 (25%) | 8% | 3 (2%) | 126 (22%) | 129 (18%) | |
| Unable to assess | 8 (1%) | - | 3% | - | - | ||
| Major extracranial injury (N, %) | Present | 389 (50%) | - | 23% | - | - | |
| Hypoxia (N, %) | Yes or suspected | 117 (15%) | 1,116 (20%) | - | 12 (10%) | 165 (29%) | 177 (25%) |
| Hypotension (N, %) | Yes or suspected | 103 (13%) | 1,171 (18%) | - | 7 (6%) | 133 (23%) | 140 (20%) |
| CT classification (N, %) | Diffuse Injury (I) | 84 (11%) | 360 (7%) | - | 48 (40%) | 104 (19%) | 152 (22%) |
| Diffuse Injury (II) | 327 (44%) | 1,838 (35%) | - | 38 (31%) | 156 (29%) | 194 (28%) | |
| Diffuse Injury (III) | 55 (7%) | 863 (17%) | - | 5 (4%) | 88 (16%) | 93 (13%) | |
| Diffuse Injury (IV) | 3 (1%) | 187 (4%) | - | 0 | 17 (3%) | 17 (2%) | |
| Mass lesion evacuated (V) or non-evacuated (VI) | 270 (37%) | 1,944 (38%) | - | 30 (25%) | 172 (32%) | 202 (29%) | |
| tSAH | Yes | 437 (56%) | 3,313 (45%) | 32% | - | - | |
| EDH | Yes | 128 (16%) | 999 (13%) | - | - | - | |
| Six month outcome (N, %) | Dead | 212 (27%) | 2,396 (28%) | 2,146 (32%)a | 29 (23%) | 222 (39%) | 251 (36%) |
| Unfavourable | 265 (36%) | 4,082 (48%) | 3,139 (47%)a | 39 (31%) | 289 (50%) | 328 (47%) | |