Table 3.
Predictors effects on outcomes in the prognostic models and in the refitted models on INRO-PH validation dataset (Odds Ratios)
| Variable | Measure or Category | IMPACT Core (mortality) | IMPACT Core (unfavourable) | IMPACT Extended (mortality) | IMPACT Extended (unfavourable) | Crash basic (mortality) | Crash basic (unfavourable) | Nijmegen DCM (mortality) | Nijmegen DCM (unfavourable) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | R | M | R | M | R | M | R | M | R | M | R | M | R | M | R | ||
| Age, years > 16 | OR per year | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.04 | - | - | - | - | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 |
| Age, years >40 | OR per year | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.07 | - | - | - | - |
| GCS | OR per point increase | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Motor GCS | None (1) | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Extension (2) | 4.0 | 4.7 | 8.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 6.4 | 2.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Abnormal flexion (3) | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 1.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Normal flexion (4) | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Localizes/obeys (5/6) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Untestable / missing (9) | 1.7 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Pupillary reactivity | Both pupils reactive | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| One pupil reactive | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.14 | 1.8 | 1.2 | |
| No pupil reactive | 3.4 | 15.5 | 3.4 | 8.9 | 2.6 | 10.2 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 12.2 | 3.3 | 7.7 | 13.2 | 15.3 | 10.9 | 9.3 | |
| Major extra-cranial injury | Yes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Hypoxia | Yes or suspected | - | - | - | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Hypotension | Yes or suspected | - | - | - | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.1 | - | - | - | - | 2.2 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 2.0 | |
| CT classification | Diffuse injury (I) | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Diffuse injury (II) | - | - | - | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Diffuse injury (III/IV) | - | - | - | 2.2 | 5.3 | 1.7 | 2.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Mass lesion evacuated or non-evacuated (V/VI) | - | - | - | 1.9 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 6.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| tSAH | Yes | - | - | - | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| EDH | Yes | - | - | - | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
M = model; R = refitted; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; tSAH = Traumatic Subarachnoid Haemorrhage; EDH = Epidural Hematoma; Ref = reference category; OR = odds ratio.