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. 2014 Dec 4;7:167. doi: 10.1186/s13068-014-0167-x

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© Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Mass balance analysis for separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) (A), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) (B), and SSF with 2% Tween 20 (C). For SHF, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at pH 4.8, 50°C, 200 rpm for 96 hours and fermentation of hydrolyzate was conducted at inoculation OD 4.0, 30°C, 50% nutrients, 200 rpm for 96 hours. For SSF, experiments were performed at 39°C, inoculation OD 4.0, pH 4.8, 50% nutrients, and 200 rpm for 192 hours. Data were collected from 12% (w/w) glucan loading experiments of SECS conversion. AIL, acid insoluble lignin; DW, dry weight; FPU, filter paper unit; OD, optical density; pNPGU, p-nitrophenol-β-D- glucopyranoside units; SECS, steam-exploded corn stover; SHF, separate hydrolysis and fermentation; SSF, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.