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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 16.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2013 Jan 10;381(9863):333–342. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61023-X

Figure 1. The RAS–MAPK signaling pathway.

Figure 1

Growth signals are relayed from activated growth factor receptors to the nucleus. Mutations in PTPN11, KRAS, SOS, NRAS, and RAF1 are associated with Noonan syndrome and mutations in SHOC2 and CBL are associated with a Noonan syndrome-like phenotype.