Table 2.
Meta-analyses of dapagliflozin
| Study | Year published | RCTs included, n | Theme of the meta-analysis | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Musso et al75 | 2012 | 13 | Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin | – ↓ HbA1c (−0.52%, 95% CI −0.46% to −0.57%; P<0.00001) – ↓ FPG (−18.28 mg/dL [1.01 mmol/L], 95% CI −20.66 [1.15 mmol/L] to −15.89 [0.88 mmol/L]; P<0.00001) – ↓ BMI (−1.17%, 95% CI −1.41 to −0.92; P<0.00001) – ↓ SBP (−4.08 mmHg, 95% CI −4.91 to −3.24) – ↓ DBP (−1.16 mmHg, 95% CI −1.67 to −0.66) – ↓ Serum uric acid (−41.50 μmol/L, 95% CI −47.22 to −35.79) – ↑ Risk genital infections (OR 3.57, 95% CI 2.59–4.93) – ↑ Risk of UTIs (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05–1.71) – ↑ Hypoglycemia (mild) when added to insulin (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05–1.53) |
| Vasilakou et al76 | 2013 | –a | Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors | – ↓ HbA1c (−0.59%, 95% CI −0.67% to −0.50% versus placebo) – ↓ BW (−1.92 kg, 95% CI −2.23% to −1.60%; P<0.00001 versus placebo) – ↓ SBP/DBP – ↓ CV events (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.46–1.16) – ↑Genital infections (OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.33–5.20 versus placebo; OR 4.81, 95% CI 2.97–7.81 versus active agent) – ↑ UTIs (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05–1.94 versus placebo; OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.19–2.40 versus active agent) – ↑ Hypoglycemia (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.88–1.64 versus placebo; OR 0.49, 957% CI 0.18–1.39 versus active agent) – ↑ Hypotension |
| Goring et al74 | 2014 | 6 | Adding dapagliflozin versus other OHAs to metformin monotherapy (1-year data) | – Similar efficacy – Similar or reduced hypoglycemic episodes – Added benefit of weight reduction (versus DPP-4 inhibitors, −2.74 kg, 95% CI −5.35 to −0.10); versus SUs, −4.67 kg, 95% CI −7.03 to −2.35) |
| Sun et al72 | 2014 | 12 | Synergism of dapagliflozin in combination with other OHAs |
– ↓ HbA1c (−0.52%, 95% CI −0.60% to −0.45%; P<0.001) – ↓ FPG (−1.13 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.33 to −0.93; P<0.001) – ↓ BW (−2.10 kg; 95% CI −2.32 to −1.88; P<0.001) |
| Zhang et al73 | 2014 | 10 | Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin | – ↓ HbA1c (−0.53%, 95% CI −0.58% to −0.47%; P<0.00001) – ↓ FPG (−1.06 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.20 to −0.92; P<0.00001) – ↓ BW (−1.63 kg, 95% CI −1.83 to −1.43; P<0.00001) – No hypoglycemia as monotherapy – ↑ Hypoglycemia (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.29; P=0.005) when added to a hypoglycemic agent – ↑ Risk of UTIs (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.60; P=0.004) – ↑ Risk of genital infections (RR 3.23, 95% CI 2.50–4.18; P=0.00001) |
Note:
a
Several studies used.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BW, body weight; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DPP, dipeptidyl peptidase; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; OHAs, oral hypoglycemic agents; OR, odds ratio; RCTs, randomized controlled trials; RR, relative reduction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SGLT, sodium glucose cotransporter; SUs, sulfonylureas; UTIs, urinary tract infections.