p38MAPK rescues pluripotency of mESCs during 24 h of hyperosmotic stress. (A) mESCs were incubated ±200 mM sorbitol for 0–24 h and ±p38 inhibitor SB202190 (10 μM). mESCs were lysed, and proteins were fractionated using SDS-PAGE, blotted, and probed for Oct4 or Nanog. (B) Phase micrographs of mESCs following 24 h of culture in the presence/absence of stress and p38MAPK inhibitor, SB202190. Scale bars=50 μm. (C) mESCs were incubated ±200 mM sorbitol for 0–24 h±either U0126 or LY294002 (25 μM). mESCs were lysed and proteins were fractionated using SDS-PAGE, blotted, and probed for Oct4 or Nanog. Histograms show relative expression of each protein when normalized to amido black expression. Error flags represent standard error of the mean (n≥3). “*” Denotes significant difference from unstressed mESCs. “a” Indicates significant difference from stress-only time point. ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests (P<0.05).