Table 1.

Summary of included study characteristics

	Participants 1	Participants 2	Intervention	Comparator intervention	Primary outcomes 4	Study design
Aittasalo 2012 [27]	241	Intervention: 71% female, 44 years	Behavioural	None or minimal	Duration	RCT
		Control: 66% female, 45 years			Non-car
Armitage 2011 [28]	701	56% Female	Behavioural	None or minimal	Frequency car	RCT
		20-64 years
Bamberg 2006 [29]	241	47% Female	Behavioural & Structural	None or minimal	Proportion	RCT
		Mean 29 years			Car and Non-car
Bamberg 2013 [30]		72% Female	Behavioural	None or minimal	Proportion	RCT
		Mean 36 years			Car and Non-car
Ben-Elia 2011 [31]	341	Intervention:	Behavioural	Alternative	Proportion	CBA
		26% Female mean 45 years			Non-car
		Alternative:
		40% Female mean 41 years
Eriksson 2008 [32]	1843	Intervention:	Behavioural	None or minimal	Frequency car	RCT
		52% Female mean 53 years
		Control:
		46% Female mean 53 years
Fujii 2005 [33]	292	Unknown	Behavioural	Alternative	Frequency car	CBA
Garvill 2003 [34]	3723	51% Female	Behavioural	None or minimal	Frequency car	CRCT
		Mean 44 years
Jakobsson 2002 [35]	1823	Mean ages 42–51 years	Behavioural	None or minimal	Frequency and Distance car	CRCT
Matthies 2006 [36]	578	38% Female	Behavioural	None or minimal	Try-out	RCT
		Mean 45 years			Non-car
Mutrie 2002 [37]	295	64% Female	Behavioural	None or minimal	Duration	RCT
		Mean 38 years			Non-car
Tertoolen 1998 [38]	350	Unknown	Behavioural	None or minimal	Distance car	RCT
Thøgersen 2008 [39]	1071	Unknown	Behavioural	Alternative	Frequency Non-car	CBA

¹Number of participants at randomisation.

²Participant characteristics.

³Estimated based on number of households, assuming 2 adults per household participated.

⁴All continuous measures except for the Matthies Try-out assessment which is dichotomous.