Table 7.
Behaviour change technique content coding of car reduction studies by effect size
| Study name | Bamberg 2013 [ 30 ] | Armitage 2011 [ 28 ] | Bamberg 2006 [ 29 ] | Fujii 2005 [ 33 ] | Jakobsson 2002 [ 35 ] | Bamberg 2013 [ 30 ] | Eriksson 2008 [ 32 ] | Eriksson 2008 [ 32 ] | Jakobsson 2002 [ 35 ] | Fujii 2005 [ 33 ] | Fujii 2005 [ 33 ] | Jakobsson 2002 [ 35 ] | Fujii 2005 [ 33 ] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention arm name | Dialog | Implementation Intention | Intervention | Plan | Charge | Standardised | Intervention | Intervention | Charge + plan | Plan | Plan | Extend charge + plan | Plan |
| Outcome | Car use (summary measure) | Single occupancy car use (frequency) | Car Use (Proportion) | Car trips >45 mins duration (frequency) | Car use (frequency) | Car use (summary measure) | Total car trips (frequency) | Car trips as driver (frequency) | Car use (frequency) | Car trips 15-45 mins (frequency) | Total car trips (frequency) | Car use (frequency) | Car trips <15mins (frequency) |
| Effect size1 | −0.54 | −0.27 | −0.24 | −0.22 | −0.19 | −0.17 | −0.16 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.22 |
| CALO-RE BCTs 2 | |||||||||||||
| 1 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
| 2 | X | X | X | ||||||||||
| 5 | X | ||||||||||||
| 7 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||
| 8 | X | ||||||||||||
| 12 | X | ||||||||||||
| 13 | X | X | X | ||||||||||
| 15 | X | X | X | ||||||||||
| 16 | X | X | X | ||||||||||
| 20 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
| 21 | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
| 28 | X | ||||||||||||
| 40 | X | ||||||||||||
| V1 BCTs | |||||||||||||
| Verbal persuasion | X | ||||||||||||
| Pros and Cons | X | ||||||||||||
| Incentive | X | ||||||||||||
| Punishment | X | X | X | ||||||||||
| Additional BCTs | |||||||||||||
| Contextual Constraints | X | ||||||||||||
| Structural interventions | |||||||||||||
| Relocation | X |
Presence of a Behaviour Change Technique in an intervention arm is indicated by an X.
1Effect size ranked from most effective (greatest reduction in car use) through to least effective (increases in car use), where effect size could be calculated.
21: Provide information on consequences of behaviour in general; 2: Provide information on consequences of behaviour to the individual; 5: Goal setting (behaviour); 7: Action planning; 8: Barrier identification/problem solving, 12: Prompt rewards contingent on effort or progress towards behaviour; 13: Provide rewards contingent on successful behaviour; 15: Prompting generalisation of a target behaviour; 16: Prompt self-monitoring of behaviour, 20: Provide information on where and when to perform the behaviour; 21: Provide instruction on how to perform the behaviour; 28: Facilitate social comparison; 40: Stimulate anticipation of future rewards.