Table 1. Pulmonary function, cardiopulmonary exercise (CPET), and laboratory data in the two study groups.
| Heart FailurePatients (n = 89) | Healthysubjects (n = 17) | P values | |
| Pulmonary function data | |||
| VC (L) | 3.62±0.78 | 4.35±1.05 | 0.01 |
| VC (% predicted) | 93±16 | 109±15 | <0.01 |
| FVC (L) | 3.51±0.80 | 4.27±1.09 | 0.01 |
| FVC (% predicted) | 93±16 | 110±14 | <0.01 |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.56±0.63 | 3.29±0.89 | <0.01 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 87±17 | 104±15 | <0.01 |
| FEV1/FVC | 73±9 | 77±7 | NS |
| DLCO (mL/mm Hg/min) | 19±5 | 27±8 | <0.01 |
| DLCO (% predicted) | 73±15 | 95±20 | <0.01 |
| CPET data | |||
| Peak Workload (W) | 85±36 | 162±61 | <0.01 |
| Peak VO2 (mL/min/Kg) | 16±6 | 30±8 | <0.01 |
| VO2 at AT (mL/min/Kg) | 11±3 | 19±5 | <0.01 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 31±7 | 25±4 | <0.01 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Immature SPB (AU) | 15.6 (13.1) | 11.1 (6.5) | <0.01 |
| Mature SPB (ng/mL) | 190 (140) | 244 (496) | NS |
| SPA (ng/mL) | 29.6 (20.1) | 18.3 (13.5) | 0.01 |
| SPD (ng/mL) | 125 (88) | 78 (38) | <0.01 |
| RAGE (pg/mL) | 1485 (1139) | 1236 (570) | NS |
Data are presented as means ± SD or as median (75th–25th interquartile range). AT = anaerobic threshold; DLCO = carbon monoxide lung diffusing capacity; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC = forced vital capacity; NS = not significant; VC = vital capacity; VCO2 = carbon dioxide consumption; VE = ventilation; VO2 = oxygen consumption. Surfactant proteins (SPs) values were normalized for total proteins. AU = arbitrary unit; RAGE = plasma receptor for advanced glycation end products.