Table 2. Surfactant proteins and RAGE levels in healthy controls and heart failure patients, categorized according to different disease severity variables.
| Controls | HF-1 Group | HF-2 Group | ANOVA | |
| NYHA I–II | NYHA III–IV | |||
| (n = 17) | (n = 44) | (n = 45) | ||
| Immature SPB (AU) | 11.1 (6.5)* | 12.1 (9.8)§ | 20.4 (18.5) | <0.01 |
| Mature SPB (ng/mL) | 244 (496) | 186 (95) | 205 (162) | NS |
| SPA (ng/mL) | 18.3 (13.5)* | 26.7 (17.5)§ | 33.5 (24.8) | <0.01 |
| SPD (ng/mL) | 78 (38)# * | 112 (65)† | 142 (121) | <0.01 |
| RAGE (pg/mL) | 1236 (570) | 1271 (1127) | 1708 (1238) | NS |
| DLCO≥80% | DLCO<80% | |||
| (n = 17) | (n = 31) | (n = 58) | ||
| Immature SPB (AU) | 11.1 (6.5)* | 10.2 (8.6)§ | 19.4 (17.3) | <0.01 |
| Mature SPB (ng/mL) | 244 (496) | 190 (159) | 203 (138) | NS |
| SPA (ng/mL) | 18.3 (13.5)* | 22.6 (18.9)§ | 32.9 (23.5) | <0.01 |
| SPD (ng/mL) | 78 (38)* | 103 (73) | 136 (96) | <0.01 |
| RAGE (pg/mL) | 1236 (570) | 1266 (1188) | 1520 (1107) | NS |
| Peak VO2≥15 mL/Kg | Peak VO2<15 mL/kg | |||
| (n = 17) | (n = 43) | (n = 46) | ||
| Immature SPB (AU) | 11.1 (6.5)* | 11.9 (9.8)§ | 20.3 (18.3) | <0.01 |
| Mature SPB (ng/mL) | 244 (496) | 195 (163) | 188 (128) | NS |
| SPA (ng/mL) | 18.3 (13.5)* | 25.8 (18.6)§ | 33.1 (24.8) | <0.01 |
| SPD (ng/mL) | 78 (38)# * | 112 (75) | 133 (103) | <0.01 |
| RAGE (pg/mL) | 1236 (570) | 1266 (1228) | 1520 (1111) | NS |
| VE/VCO2 slope≤30 | VE/VCO2 slope>30 | |||
| (n = 17) | (n = 51) | (n = 38) | ||
| Immature SP-B (AU) | 11.1 (6.5)# * | 12.8 (13.6)† | 18.1 (21.4) | <0.01 |
| Mature SPB (ng/mL) | 244 (496) | 200 (150) | 180 (144) | NS |
| SPA (ng/mL) | 18.3 (13.5)* | 26.7 (17.4)§ | 35.8 (21.1) | <0.01 |
| SPD (ng/mL) | 78 (38)# * | 111 (63)§ | 149 (157) | <0.01 |
| RAGE (pg/mL) | 1236 (570) | 1276 (1098)† | 1732 (1250) | 0.05 |
| BNP≤160 pg/mL | BNP>160 pg/mL | |||
| (n = 17) | (n = 30) | (n = 36) | ||
| Immature SPB (AU) | 11.1 (6.5)* | 12.3 (14.1)† | 18.7 (18.6) | <0.01 |
| Mature SPB (ng/mL) | 244 (496) | 190 (137) | 200 (217) | NS |
| SPA (ng/mL) | 18.3 (13.5)* | 22.8 (17)§ | 37.2 (19.9) | <0.01 |
| SPD (ng/mL) | 78 (38)* | 96 (73)§ | 137 (147) | <0.01 |
| RAGE (pg/mL) | 1236 (570)* | 1243 (1024)§ | 1893 (1559) | <0.01 |
Data are presented as means ± SD or as median (75th–25th interquartile range).
*p<0.01 Healthy subjects Vs HF-1 Group;
#
p<0.05 Healthy subjects Vs HF-1 Group;
§
p<0.01 HF-1 Group Vs HF-2 Group;
†
p<0.05 HF-1 Group Vs HF-2 Group.
HF = heart failure; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; BNP = brain natriuretic peptide. For other abbreviations see table 1.