Table 3.

Model-averaging results for generalized linear models with invasiveness as a binary trait for the entire UK. N = 363 alien species (274 non-invasive, 89 invasive). Coefficients are averages from the full set of candidate models. SE = standard error; CI = 95% confidence intervals; relative variable importance is the sum of Akaike weights across all models that included that variable (Burnham and Anderson 2002)

Variable	Model averaged coefficient	Adjusted SE	Lower CI	Upper CI	Relative Importance
Ellenberg F	0.303	1.506	0.121	0.484	0.931
Ellenberg N	0.263	0.117	0.061	0.466	0.851
Ellenberg L	−0.229	0.092	−0.460	0.001	0.49
Ellenberg S (Difference)	−0.212	0.137	−0.483	0.057	0.36
Clonality	0.377	0.305	−0.223	0.976	0.22
Log height (difference)	0.181	0.178	−0.167	0.529	0.18
Alien group (archaeophyte/neophytes)	−0.242	0.299	−0.828	0.345	0.16
Log height	0.074	0.108	−0.138	0.286	0.15
Life-form (difference)	0.196	0.269	−0.331	0.724	0.14
Ellenberg R (Difference)	0.092	0.130	−0.164	0.348	0.14
Ellenberg L (Difference)	0.073	0.122	−0.167	0.313	0.13
Clonality (Difference)	−0.17	0.293	−0.744	0.404	0.13
Ellenberg N (Difference)	0.056	0.101	−0.141	0.253	0.13
Ellenberg F (Difference)	0.049	0.094	−0.136	0.234	0.13
Ellenberg S	0.132	0.301	−0.458	0.723	0.13
Ellenberg R	0.037	0.159	−0.274	0.348	0.12
PNND	−0.000953	0.00230	−0.005	0.003	0.12
Primary life-form:
Bulbous geophytes	−1.81	1.21	−4.179	0.546	0.07
Nonbulbous geophytes	−0.352	0.840	−1.999	1.294
Hemicryptophytes	−0.150	0.615	−1.355	1.056
Hydrophyte	2.56	1.36	−0.109	5.232
Phanerophyte	0.220	0.706	−1.163	1.604
Nanophanerophyte	0.342	0.768	−1.162	1.847
Therophyte	−0.507	0.612	−1.706	0.695

¹A parameter was considered significant if its 95% confidence interval (CI) of the parameter estimate does not include 0.