Table 2.

Stimuli for NDMV generation.

NDMV Induction Stimulus	Concentration	Incubation Time	Species: (H)uman (M)ouse (R)ats	Quantification Method	Notes	References
Bacterial Byproducts
- Bacteria	n/a	20 min	H, R	FACS, EM		[18b, 24]
- LPS	5 ug/mL	90 min	H	FACS		[25]
- fMLP	10 uM – 1 M	5 min-2 hr	H, M	FACS		[19a, 20–22, 26, 29, 35, 37, 42,52]
Host Factors
- Spontaneous	n/a	15 min	H	FACS	a.	[21–22, 52b, 52c, 53]
- TNF-α	1–10 ng/mL	20 min	H, M	FACS	b.	[19a, 20, 27, 54]
- Complement	6–9 ug/mL, 100 ng/mL	20–25 min	M	EM		[26e, 28]
- IL-8	100 ng/mL	2 hr	H	FACS		[26d]
- PAF	500 nM	15–30 min	H	FACS		[25b]
- Calcium	1 mM	15–30 min	H	FACS		[25b]
- ANCA	200 ug/mL	1 hr	H	FACS	c.	[20]
Exogenous Compounds
- PMA	10 nM – 5 M	20 min	H	FACS, EM		[18b, 25b, 26a, 26b]
- Ionomycin	0.5–5 mM	20 min	H	FACS		[26a, 26b]
- L-NAME	30 uM	1 hr	H	FACS		[29]

^aSamples taken from patients with ARDS [22]

^bNeutrophils pre-incubated overnight for synchronization [54]

^cUsed TNF-α to prime neutrophils [20]

Abbreviations: FACS - Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting, EM - Electron Microscopy, LPS – Lipopolysaccharide, PAF – Platelet Activating Factor, L-NAME – NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, ANCA – anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody