Table 1.

Age and age-adjusted characteristics of United States and Israeli study participants¹

	Participants
	United States		Israel
Characteristic	Case (n=118)	Control (n=106)	Case (n=67)	Control (n=72)
Age, mean years [SD]	75.2 [7.6]	69.7 [7.3]	74.4 [7.0]	71.6 [7.0]
Women, %	57	63	43	64
Family history of glaucoma, %	33	27	28	25
Light color irides, %	63	52	49	26
Diabetes mellitus, %	7	17	28	24
Hypertension, %	65	53	52	65
Weighted lifetime average latitude of residence² [SD]	42.6 [3.1]	41.9 [2.0]	39.7 [8.1]	34.0 [4.2]
Weighted lifetime average above the median latitude of residence,² %	53	52	62	38
Lifetime average number of hours/week spent outdoors³ [SD]	18.5 [9.1]	16.2 [7.4]	16.7 [7.6]	13.5 [5.8]
Lifetime average % above the median number of hours/week spent outdoors,³ %	56	51	64	40
Sunburn,⁴ % childhood	51	51	55	58
Ever sunglass wear, %	73	87	62	73
Lifetime average of % time worn sunglasses³ [SD]	24.1 [26.1]	43.8 [30.5]	28.8 [29.4]	35.5 [33.6]
Lifetime average of % time worn brimmed hat³ [SD]	14.2 [23.1]	16.3 [23.3]	24.0 [31.5]	17.1 [25.3]
Any lifetime leisure time spent over water, %	88	82	86	74
Any lifetime leisure time spent over snow, %	59	52	28	12
Any lifetime work spent over water, %	15	8	0	2
Any lifetime work spent over snow, %	12	0	0	0

Values are means (standard deviations) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.

Refers to residence from birth to age 60 with latitudes determined using Google maps. Absolute values for latitudes were used to account for residence in the southern hemisphere.

Refers to ages 11-59 years and between the hours of 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. during the summer.

⁴

Sunburn is defined as recalled burn during childhood (before age 10 years) that produced redness or pain and lasted 12 or more hours regardless of severity, even if only involving a small part of the body surface.

Abbreviation used SD= standard deviation