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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Oral Oncol. 2014 Oct 25;51(1):16–23. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.10.004

Table 1.

Rates of perineural invasion (PNI) in Non-Cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

TYPE OF PERINEURAL GROWTH DETECTION METHOD SITE SAMPLE SIZE RATE REFERENCE
PNI of small peripheral nerves (<1mm); cancer touching or invading a nerve microscopic evaluation oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx 142 52% [14]
undefined PNI pathology report oral cavity 57 63.2% [24]
tumor cells in the perineural space microscopic evaluation oral cavity 307 17.1% and 36.6% for T1 and T2 OSCC, respectively [15]
undefined PNI histological examination of fixed tissue oral tongue 113 14.2% [25]
undefined PNI pathology report tongue, floor of mouth, and other sites 95 25% [26]