TABLE 2.
Odds ratios from ordinal logistic regression models assessing associations between selected characteristics and attitudes toward motherhood, by motherhood status
| Characteristic | Childless women | Mothers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parenting is rewarding | No happiness without children | Would be bothered if never had children | Parenting is rewarding | No happiness without children | |
| Disability‡ | 1.28 (0.19) | 1.01 (0.19) | 0.84 (0.12) | 0.93 (0.14) | 1.14 (0.17) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white§ (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.27 (0.17)† | 1.14 (0.17) | 1.04 (0.13) | 1.90 (0.20)*** | 1.25 (0.14)* |
| Hispanic | 0.97 (0.12) | 0.43 (0.07)*** | 1.21 (0.14)† | 1.99 (0.21)*** | 0.35 (0.04)*** |
| Age†† | 1.03 (0.01)*** | 1.01 (0.01) | 1.10 (0.01)*** | 1.03 (0.01)*** | 0.97 (0.01)*** |
| Age-squared†† | 1.00 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.01)* | 1.00 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.01) |
| Income as % of poverty level | |||||
| 0-199 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 200-399 | 0.70 (0.08)** | 1.37 (0.18)* | 0.92 (0.09) | 0.72 (0.08)** | 1.45 (0.16)** |
| ≥400 | 0.85 (0.11) | 1.18 (0.17) | 0.96 (0.11) | 0.89 (0.14) | 1.48 (0.24)* |
| Educational attainment | |||||
| <high school (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High school | 0.80 (0.13) | 1.44 (0.28)† | 0.85 (0.12) | 0.58 (0.06)*** | 1.21 (0.14)† |
| ≥bachelor's degree | 0.65 (0.13)* | 1.62 (0.36)* | 0.54 (0.09)*** | 0.51 (0.08)*** | 1.27 (0.20) |
| Partnership status | |||||
| Single (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married | 0.89 (0.12) | 0.68 (0.10)* | 0.62 (0.08)*** | 0.78 (0.80)* | 0.68 (0.07)*** |
| Cohabiting | 1.04 (0.16) | 0.93 (0.16) | 0.71 (0.10)* | 0.95 (0.13) | 0.92 (0.12) |
| Employed‡ | 1.05 (0.12) | 1.23 (0.16) | 0.97 (0.10) | 0.88 (0.08) | 1.06 (0.10) |
| Not fecund‡ | 0.77 (0.11)† | 0.95 (0.15) | 0.96 (0.13) | 0.98 (0.09) | 1.58 (0.15)*** |
| No.of children†† | na | na | na | 1.00 (0.04) | 0.95 (0.04) |
*
p<.05.
**
p<.01.
***
p<.001.
†
p<.10.
‡
Dichotomous measure.
§
Includes women of other races.
††
Continuous measure.
Notes: Figures in parentheses are robust standard errors. The age measures are centered to reduce multicollinearity. All results are weighted. ref=reference group. na=not applicable.