Table I. Studies by comparison group.

All studies included at least one injection of a corticosteroid to the glenohumeral joint in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Only eight studies used image guidance with either fluoroscopy or ultrasound to perform all glenohumeral injections.

	Number of studies	Number of subjects
Steroid Injection Alone or Steroid Injection vs. Placebo Injection	2	124
Steroid Injection vs. Physical Therapy	6	460
Steroid Injection vs. Manipulation Under Anesthesia	3	113
Steroid Injection vs. Dilation/Distension	2	96
Comparison of steroid injection dosages, location of injection, or types of steroid.	6	435
Steroid injections in combination with distension, dilation, or manipulation under anesthesia	4	136
Image-guided steroid injections alone or vs. blind steroid injections*	2	65
Total	25	1429

^*Studies that explicitly and specifically investigated the efficacy of image-guided injections