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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 30.
Published in final edited form as: Oncogene. 2014 Jun 16;34(18):2288–2296. doi: 10.1038/onc.2014.172

Figure. 2.

Figure. 2

Histone modifying proteins that regulate CSCs, iPSCs, and ESCs. The upper panel depicts the histone modifications mediated by different histone modification complexes. As a key regulatory component of PRC1, BMI1 is involved in establishing a repressive epigenetic mark, histone H2A K119 ubiquitylation (H2AK119ub). EZH2 is the catalytic component of PRC2 that places a repressive modification of H3K27me3. On the other hand, H3K4me3, an active modification, is deposited by the MLL1 histone methyltransferase complex. LSD1 is a histone demethylase that removes the methyl group from both H3K4 and H3K9. The table is a summary of the regulatory roles played by these histone modification proteins in CSC establishment, iPSC generation, ESC self-renewal, and ESC differentiation.