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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2014 Jul 31;136(5):1095–1103. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29093

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Design and physical properties of the nanobeacon for FL colonoscopy. The nanobeacon is comprised largely of polystyrene polymer and its surface was coated with a thin layer of PNVA and PMAA polymers. The PNVA is employed to reduce nonspecific binding to normal colonic mucosa, while PMAA provides a handle for bioconjugation via carboxylic groups. Approximately 200–300 PNA moieties are attached to the nanobeacon through covalent bonding to the PMAA polymer as recognition molecules for TF antigen. The optical feature of the nanobeacon is provided by coumarin 6 dyes encapsulated within the core of the nanoparticle. Quantitatively, coumarin 6 dye constitutes approximately 0.05% of the overall weight of the nanobeacon.