Figure 4. Cardiac Mitophagy Regulation and Significance.
Mitophagy is essential during cardiomyocyte differentiation and for homeostatic mitochondrial turnover to maintain a healthy population of mitochondria. During cardiac stress such as ischemia/reperfusion, mitophagy functions to eliminate damaged mitochondria and reduce injury. Mitophagy is also critical for ischemic preconditioning. Circadian rhythm regulates basal levels of cardiac mitophagy. Nutrient overload, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and advanced age may compromise cardiac autophagy and mitophagy, disrupting this adaptive physiological response to stress.