Table 3.
Cardiac echocardiographic and blood biomarkers
| Characteristics | High Risk (N=100) | Low Risk (N=50) | P-Value* | Controls (N=50)* | P-Value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiographic indices | |||||
| LV end-systolic diameter | |||||
| Z-score, median | 0.80 | 0.36 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 |
| Range | −2.0-5.7 | −1.8-3.3 | −2.3-2.7 | ||
| LV end-diastolic diameter | |||||
| Z-score, median | 0.75 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| Range | −2.8-5.0 | −1.8-3.25 | −2.5-2.5 | ||
| LV Posterior wall thickness, systole | |||||
| Z-score, median | −0.58 | −0.08 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
| Range | −2.4-1.7 | −2.1-2.5 | −2.4-2.5 | ||
| LV Posterior wall thickness, diastole | |||||
| Z-score, median | −0.63 | −0.04 | <0.01 | 0.03 | <0.01 |
| Range | −3.1-2.2 | −2.0-3.8 | −2.5-2.6 | ||
| LV Thickness-Dimension ratio | |||||
| Z-score, median | −0.62 | −0.03 | 0.02 | −0.02 | <0.01 |
| Range | −3.0-2.4 | −1.8-2.7 | −1.4-2.9 | ||
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | |||||
| Median | 82 (63-135) | 81 (58-122) | 0.23 | 83 (68-108) | 0.45 |
| End systolic wall stress (g/cm2) | |||||
| Median, range | 66.7 (34-116) | 56.6 (28-82) | <0.01 | 54.2 (34-109) | <0.01 |
| LV Mass (g/m2) | |||||
| Median, range | 56.7 (25-121) | 53.4 (34-110) | 0.19 | 56.0 (30-82) | 0.28 |
| Velocity of circumferential shortening (c/s) | |||||
| Median, range | 1.11 (0.69-1.69) | 1.16 (0.86-1.48) | 0.16 | 1.16 (0.77-1.52) | 0.11 |
| Myocardial performance index | 0.51 (0.26-0.81) | 0.46 (0.24-0.67) | <0.01 | 0.46 (0.32-0.68) | <0.01 |
| IVRT, ms | 80 (20-123) | 72 (44-106) | 0.07 | 78 (49-109) | 0.36 |
| IVCT, ms | 66 (20-123) | 61 (37-100) | 0.18 | 62 (37-88) | 0.09 |
| Ejection time, ms | 290 (241-355) | 298 (241-350) | <0.01 | 304 (250-343) | <0.01 |
| E/A ratio | 1.5 (0.7-2.7) | 1.6 (0.9-2.5) | 0.10 | 1.5 (0.8-2.6) | 0.41 |
| E Wave, ms | 0.9 (0.5-2.0) | 1.1 (0.7-1.5) | 0.08 | 1.0 (0.6-1.5) | 0.13 |
| A Wave, ms | 0.6 (0.3-1.5) | 0.6 (0.3-0.9) | 0.39 | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) | 0.90 |
| Blood biomarkers | |||||
| BNP (pg/dL) | |||||
| Median, range | 15.8 (0-225) | 13.7 (0-168) | 0.06 | 18 (0-92) | 0.17 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/dL) | |||||
| Median, range | 71 (6-804) | 37 (6-552) | 0.01 | 26 (8-151) | <0.01 |
| Troponin-T (ng/mL) | |||||
| Median, range | 0 (0-0.02) | 0 (0-0.03) | 0.37 | 0 (0-0.02) | 0.45 |
| Galectin-3 (ng/mL) | |||||
| Median, range | 10.8 (5.2-20.6) | 9.2 (5.4-19.7) | 0.11 | 9.7 (6.8-18.4) | 0.40 |
| ST-2 (U/mL) | |||||
| Median, range | 26 (11.1-59.0) | 25.6 (13.8-60.0) | 0.69 | 26.1 (12.0-62.0) | 0.78 |
*
High risk vs. standard risk
**
High risk vs. controls. Abbreviations
IVRT, isolvolumic relaxation time; IVCT, isovolumic contraction time; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; NT-pro-BNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide