FIG. 1.

Medication effect sizes of observed parenting behaviors. Bars in the top half represent medication effects (i.e., mean standard differences) by task. Parent behavior codes are based on the coding scheme used for reporting results in the trial of parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Waxmonsky et al. 2014). Values in the bottom half represent means, and standard deviations are presented in parentheses. Verbalizations and commands represent total frequency counts, whereas all remaining parent behaviors are calculated as a percentage score. NeuDiss, neutral discussion; ProbDiss, problem discussion; HW, homework.