Table 3.

Changes in subjective dry eye symptoms using the OSDI score

	KRG group (n = 24)			Placebo group (n = 25)			p2)
	Baseline	8-wk visit	p1)	Baseline	8-wk visit	p1)
Light-sensitive eyes (0–4)	1.27 ± 1.20	0.95 ± 1.40	0.19	1.26 ± 1.21	1.09 ± 0.90	0.76	0.40
Gritty eyes (0–4)	1.23 ± 0.81	1.00 ± 0.74	0.21	1.14 ± 0.99	1.21 ± 0.98	0.06	0.04*
Painful or sore eyes (0–4)	1.90 ± 1.07	1.00 ± 0.69	< 0.01**	1.74 ± 1.56	1.29 ± 1.46	0.33	< 0.01**
Blurred vision (0–4)	1.05 ± 1.00	0.52 ± 0.99	0.01*	1.55 ± 1.43	1.73 ± 1.58	0.84	0.12
Poor vision (0–4)	1.55 ± 0.74	0.82 ± 0.85	< 0.01**	1.22 ± 1.17	1.67 ± 1.58	0.05	< 0.01**
OSDI symptom subtotal (0–100)	35.42 ± 16.42	23.40 ± 18.65	< 0.01**	32.80 ± 19.36	34.70 ± 22.13	0.43	< 0.01**
Difficulty in
Reading (0–4)	1.68 ± 1.17	1.46 ± 1.10	0.16	1.56 ± 1.36	1.54 ± 1.53	0.65	0.24
Driving at night (0–4)	1.94 ± 1.34	1.06 ± 1.06	0.01*	1.69 ± 1.80	1.69 ± 1.70	0.34	0.05
Working with a computer or a bank machine (0–4)	1.50 ± 1.15	0.95 ± 0.94	0.01*	1.56 ± 1.50	1.67 ± 1.32	0.46	0.03*
Watching TV (0–4)	1.32 ± 1.32	1.04 ± 1.16	0.48	1.39 ± 1.53	1.00 ± 1.27	0.44	0.83
OSDI vision-related function subtotal (0–100)	34.55 ± 30.06	30.73 ± 25.97	0.28	35.17 ± 27.91	36.17 ± 32.10	0.80	0.36
Feel uncomfortable in
Windy conditions (0–4)	1.09 ± 0.97	0.86 ± 0.83	0.55	1.76 ± 1.54	1.25 ± 1.22	0.14	0.48
Places with low humidity (0–4)	1.41 ± 1.01	1.21 ± 1.06	0.43	1.60 ± 1.22	1.26 ± 1.29	0.01*	0.43
Air-conditioned areas (0–4)	1.54 ± 1.22	1.32 ± 1.04	0.04*	1.26 ± 1.25	1.45 ± 1.28	0.33	0.03*
OSDI trigger subtotal (0–100)	34.72 ± 22.74	30.90 ± 23.11	0.39	38.67 ± 30.96	34.33 ± 27.75	0.13	0.92
Total OSDI (0–100)	36.22 ± 17.90	27.77 ± 21.68	0.01*	36.56 ± 19.58	35.89 ± 22.05	0.67	0.04*

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation

*p < 0.05

**p < 0.01

KRG = Korean Red Ginseng; OSDI = ocular surface disease index

¹⁾p values were derived from a paired t-test between the baseline and 8-week visits in each group

²⁾p values were derived from an independent t-test between changes in the KRG and placebo groups