Table 2.

Factors Associated with In-Hospital Death for Overall Sample (n=1630); and the ICU (n=157) and Non-ICU Medical Floor (n=937) Subgroups (Multiple Logistic Regression)

	Overall sample (n=1630)a		ICU subgroup (n=157)		Non-ICU medical subgroup (n=937)
	aOR (95% CI)	p value	aOR (95% CI)	p value	aOR (95% CI)	p value
Age ≥75 years (vs. 65–74)	1.41 (1.01–1.94)	0.036	2.53 (0.48–13.27)	0.27	1.41 (0.99–2.01)	0.056
Male gender (vs. female)	1.48 (1.08–2.02)	0.014	4.92 (1.00–24.23)	0.05	1.33 (0.95–1.88)	0.10
Assist with plan of careb	1.87 (1.29–2.69)	<0.001	1.37 (0.19–9.85)	0.76	1.89 (1.27–2.80)	0.002
Primary diagnosis
Surgical	Reference		Reference		Reference
Cardiac	2.67 (1.29–5.52)	0.008	21.01 (0.75–585.61)	0.073	1.93 (0.89–4.18)	0.096
Pulmonary	2.73 (1.26–5.91)	0.011	2.87 (0.26–31.39)	0.39	1.98 (0.81–4.84)	0.14
Cancer	2.37 (1.38–4.07)	0.002	6.05 (0.70–52.44)	0.10	1.58 (0.87–2.89)	0.14
Other	2.56 (1.45–4.52)	0.001	7.14 (0.60–85.36)	0.12	1.42 (0.75–2.69)	0.28
Preconsult length of stayc	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	<0.001	1.08 (1.01–1.16)	0.026	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	0.006
Karnofsky scored	0.66 (0.59–0.73)	<0.001	0.31 (0.16–0.59)	<0.001	0.73 (0.65–0.81)	<0.001
Site of consultation
Non-ICU surgical/rehab	Reference		—		—
ICU	3.82 (1.94–7.52)	<0.001	—		—
Non-ICU medical	1.53 (0.88–2.64)	0.13	—		—

^aMultiple logistic regression model controlling for age, gender, indication for consultation, primary diagnosis, site of consultation, preconsult length of stay. Overall sample=all hospital patients aged 65+receiving pain and palliative care consultation.

^bConsultation indication for assistance with plan of care vs. other reasons (i.e., pain and/or symptom management without assistance with plan of care).

^cHospital length of stay in days before pain and palliative care consultation

^dKarnofsky score OR reflects change in odds of in-hospital death for every 10% increase in Karnofsky score.

ICU, intensive care unit; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.