Table 5.
Number of pesticides, applied to each of the crops (Garthwaite et al., 2006) and the energy (MJ) applied per hectare to each of the crops though the use of pesticides and their overall cost (costs are the authors calculations based on the prices given in Anon (2011d)) in £ per hectare.
| Winter wheat | Winter barley | Spring barley | Winter oilseed rape | Winter field beans | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fungicides | Chemicals | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Cost | 68.95 | 45.97 | 45.97 | 29.14 | 37.01 | |
| Energy | 420 | 305 | 203 | 102 | 282 | |
| Herbicides | Chemicals | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Cost | 36.01 | 24.01 | 24.01 | 89.43 | 64.93 | |
| Energy | 623 | 778 | 130 | 876 | 588 | |
| Growth regulators | Chemicals | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cost | 22.54 | 11.27 | – | – | – | |
| Energy | 397 | 295 | – | – | – | |
| Insecticides | Chemical | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Cost | 5.80 | 5.80 | – | 12.87 | 12.87 | |
| Energy | 17 | 17 | – | 21 | 18 | |
| Seed treatmentsa and mollusicides | Chemical | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Cost | 14.19 (16.09) | 13.72 | 15.61 | 20.66 | – | |
| Seed treatment and mollusicides combined | Energy | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | – |
| Total cost | 147.50 (149.39) | 100.77 | 85.59 | 152.10 | 114.81 | |
| Total energy | 1462 | 1401 | 340 | 1006 | 888 | |
a
The cost of the winter wheat seed treatment has two values the first is for first winter wheat and the one in brackets for second and continuous winter wheat.