Table 2. Material parameters used in numerical simulations.

Parameter	Chondrule	Matrix (forsterite)	Matrix (serpentine)	Bulk
Initial porosity	0	0.6–0.8	0.6–0.7	0.5
Compaction rate*	NA	0.98	0.98	0.98
Vol. strain at onset of plastic compaction*	NA	−1E−5	−1E−5	−1E−5
Poisson ratio (solid component)†	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23
Intact cohesion† (MPa)	1,000	0.1	0.1	10
Intact friction coefficient†	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Intact strength limit† (GPa)	3.5	0.035	0.035	3.5
Damaged cohesion† (MPa)	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Damaged friction coefficient†	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
Damaged strength limit† (GPa)	3.5	0.035	0.035	3.5
Melt temperature3 (zero pressure) (K)	1,373	1,373	1,098	1,373
Simon approximation constant‡ (GPa)	1.52	1.52	1.52	1.52
Simon approximation exponent‡	4.05	4.05	4.05	4.05
Thermal softening parameter†	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2

NA, not applicable.

^*Wunnemann et al.19

^†Collins et al.18

^‡Wünnemann et al.57