TABLE 3.

Treatment Effects for Primary Outcomes

Outcome	First six monthsa				Full 12 monthsb
	$\widehat{{\mathrm{\beta }}_{\mathbf{1}}}$	(SE)	p	95% CI	$\widehat{{\mathrm{\beta }}_{\mathbf{1}}}$	(SE)	p	95% CI
Catheter-related health status
CAUTI (yes)	−0.17	(0.266)	ns	[−0.69, 0.35]	0.16	(0.222)	ns	[−0.27, 0.60]
CAUTI severityc	2.76	(0.590)	< .001	[1.60, 3.92]	1.60	(0.467)	< .01	[0.68, 2.51]
Blockage (yes)	−0.74	(0.343)	< .05	[−1.42, −0.07]	−0.23	(0.291)	ns	[−0.81, 0.34]
Dislodgment (yes)	0.29	(0.328)	ns	[−0.36, 0.93]	0.01	(0.287)	ns	[−0.55, 0.57]
Healthcare for CAUTI
Hospitalized (yes)	0.81	(0.527)	ns	[−0.23, 1.84]	1.33	(0.428)	< .01	[0.49, 2.17]
Emergency visit (yes)	0.88	(0.373)	< .05	[0.15, 1.61]	1.06	(0.337)	< .001	[0.40, 1.72]
Nurse home visit (yes)	−0.06	(0.402)	ns	[−0.85, 0.73]	0.00	(0.317)	ns	[−0.62, 0.62]
Clinic visit (yes)	−0.37	(0.408)	ns	[−1.17, 0.43]	−0.06	(0.333)	ns	[−0.71, 0.59]
Healthcare for blockage
Emergency visit (yes)	−0.62	(0.978)	ns	[−2.53, 1.30]	1.10	(0.575)	ns	[−0.02, 2.23]
Nurse home visit (yes)	−1.35	(0.642)	< .05	[−2.61, −0.09]	−1.02	(0.470)	< .05	[−1.95, −0.10]
Clinic visit (yes)	−0.62	(0.629)	ns	[−1.86, 0.61]	−0.42	(0.560)	ns	[−1.52, 0.68]
Quality of lifed	−1.66	(1.581)	ns	[−4.76, 1.44]	−2.03	(1.389)	ns	[−4.75, 0.69]

Note. CAUTI = catheter-associated urinary tract infection; CI = confidence interval; ns = not significant at p < .05; SE = standard error. A positive sign for B₁ favors the control (usual care group); a negative sign favors the intervention group. Complete statistical results are available from the authors (MHW).

^aTreatment effects were obtained controlling for baseline outcomes and time (Equation 3).

^bTreatment effects were obtained controlling for baseline outcomes, time from 2 to 12 months, and first vs. second half of the study (Equation 5).

^cScored from 1 = very mild to 10 = most severe imaginable.

^dScored from 1 = strongly agree to 5 = strongly disagree; higher scores reflect better self-rated quality of life.