Table 2.

Logistic mixed-effects model results testing the effects of individual cognitive abilities on reward, transition frequency, and their interaction in first-stage choice repetition.

	DSST			TMTspeed			MWT
	exp(β)	P_unc	P_FDR	exp(β)	P_unc	P_FDR	exp(β)	P_unc	P_FDR
Main effect ability
ability linear	1.65	0.003**	0.03*	1.43	0.06+	0.11	1.47	0.04*	0.09+
ability quadratic	0.81	0.02*	0.08+
Reward × ability
ability linear	1.18	0.096+	0.48	1.12	0.35	0.83	1.11	0.43	0.83
ability quadratic	0.78	0.002**	0.02*
Transition × ability
ability linear	1.20	0.02*	0.08+	1.12	0.17	0.42	1.07	0.44	0.63
ability quadratic	0.92	0.14	0.42
Reward × Transition × ability
ability linear	2.23	0.003**	0.03*	1.89	0.02*	0.06+	1.79	0.03*	0.10+
ability quadratic	–	–	–

⁺p < 0.10;

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01;

^***p < 0.001; exp(β), exponential standardized logistic regression coefficient, indicating the (multiplicative) influence of cognitive ability scores on odds-ratios; p-values indicate significance: P_unc, uncorrected; P_FDR, FDR corrected; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Task score; TMT, Trail Making Test A in s × −1; MWT, German vocabulary test score (Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Intelligenz Test). Main effect ability reflects choice stickiness. Reward indicates whether participants were rewarded or not on the preceding trial, reflecting model-free learning. Transition indicates whether previous transition was common or rare. The reward × transition interaction reflects model-based learning. BothTMTexec (= Trail Making Testexecutive) and Digit Span Backwards did not significantly interact with reward, transition, or their interaction and results from these variables are presented in the SOM. Control analyses showed that all significant effects survived statistical control for years of education as well as its interactions with reward, transition, and reward × transition.