Table 1.
Experimental conditions |
ANOVAs |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Passive (1) |
Itinerary control (2) |
Low navigation control (3) |
High navigation control (4) |
Group effect |
Condition effect |
Interaction |
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YA | OA | YA | OA | YA | OA | YA | OA | F(1,120) | F(3,120) | F(3,120) | |
Participants (N) | 16 (8F; 8M) | 16 (8F; 8M) | 16 (8F; 8M) | 16 (8F; 8M) | 16 (8F; 8M) | 16 (8F; 8M) | 16 (8F; 8M) | 16 (8F; 8M) | |||
Age | 25.68 (2.91) | 64.18 (6.67) | 25.25 (4.66) | 65.68 (6.94) | 24.00 (2.55) | 65.62 (5.77) | 28.25 (6.76) | 65.18 (8.02) | 1452.95*** | 0.71 | 1.00 |
η2 = 0.92 | η2 = 0.01 | η2 = 0.02 | |||||||||
Mill Hill | 36.12 (2.87) | 37.75 (6.67) | 32.91 (4.14) | 35.87 (5.84) | 36.31 (5.34) | 37.00 (5.44) | 33.93 (5.16) | 34.81 (5.64) | 5.27* | 1.72 | 0.37 |
η2 = 0.04 | η2 = 0.04 | η2 = 0.00 | |||||||||
CDS | – | 43.35 (21.01) | – | 40.50 (14.55) | – | 46.75 (17.33) | – | 39.60 (18.87) | 0.35 | ||
η2 = 0.01 | |||||||||||
Verbal memory | 29.93 (4.89) | 23.43 (8.35) | 28.50 (6.42) | 24.31 (5.95) | 32.18 (5.60) | 23.37 (5.84) | 27.81 (5.30) | 24.81 (7.30) | 21.18*** | 1.09 | 0.68 |
η2 = 0.15 | η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.01 | |||||||||
Visual memory | 86.32 (14.50) | 53.12 (22.86) | 84.50 (20.30) | 56.00 (23.14) | 91.50 (15.91) | 57.43 (13.51) | 82.68 (22.25) | 53.56 (17.81) | 85.12*** | 0.64 | 0.17 |
η2 = 0.41 | η2 = 0.01 | η2 = 0.00 | |||||||||
Working memory | 12.44 (1.99) | 9.62 (2.18) | 11.43 (1.63) | 9.94 (2.20) | 12.81 (1.47) | 9.12 (1.41) | 11.00 (1.59) | 9.31 (1.78) | 57.43*** | 1.76 | 2.56 |
η2 = 0.32 | η2 = 0.04 | η2 = 0.06 | |||||||||
Executive functions (TMT B-A, sec) | 17.00 (10.65) | 30.82 (16.72) | 26.18 (10.41) | 37.83 (27.47) | 17.02 (6.18) | 29.04 (16.86) | 24.12 (13.99) | 46.95 (37.93) | 18.22*** | 1.16 | 0.50 |
η2 = 0.13 | η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.01 |
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.