Table 1.

Prevalence (%) of osteopenia/osteoporosis/fractures in chronic liver disease.

Disease	Osteopenia	Osteoporosis	Fractures	Authors
Chronic liver disease (various etiologies)		30–48	36.5	Diamond et al. 1990
		43	22	Monegal et al. 1997
		39	35	Ninkovic et al. 2000
	34.6	11.5		Sokhi et al. 2004
	37.8	12.8		Moschen et al. 2005
	68			George et al. 2010
		37		Goral et al. 2010
	26	14		Loria et al. 2010
		45.3		Wariaghli et al. 2010
	35	38	36.3	Wibaux et al. 2011
	22–43	4–23		Alcalde Vargas et al. 2012
Cirrhosis (in general)		20–56	5–20	Goral et al. 2010
Viral cirrhosis		53		Gallego-Rojo et al. 1998
	44	20		Auletta et al. 2005
		43		González-Calvín et al. 2009
Alcohol-induced cirrhosis			30	Diamond et al. 1990
	23			González-Calvín et al. 1993
	50	22		Kim et al. 2003
	17.5			Malik et al. 2009
Chronic cholestatic disease (PBC, PSC)		45	13	Guañabens et al. 1994
		21	13	Parés et al. 2001
		31	14	Guañabens et al. 2005
		32	21	Guañabens et al. 2010
PBC		35		Guañabens et al. 1990
		35		Lindor et al. 1995
		31	6	Newton et al. 2001
		21	13	Parés et al. 2001
		31	14	Guañabens et al. 2005
		51.5		Mounach et al. 2008
PSC		17		Angulo et al. 1998
Hemochromatosis		45		Diamond et al. 1989
		28		Sinigaglia et al. 1997
		25		Valenti et al. 2009
Non-cholestatic non-cirrhotic hepatopathy			12–18	Diamond et al. 1990
		16–50		Schiefke et al. 2005

^*PBC: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis; PSC: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis