Table 2.

Risk factors for osteoporosis.

Clinical factors	Advanced age (>65) Low peak bone mass (T-score) Hyperthyroidism/hyperparathyroidism Gastrointestinal, hematological and chronic liver disease COPD Diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis Hypogonadism (both testosterone and estradiol)
Drugs	Glucocorticoids Anticonvulsivants Benzodiazepines Heparin Immunosuppressants
Behavioral factors	Cigarettes smoke Alcohol Caffeine Sedentary lifestyle
Nutritional factors	Low body weight (Low body fat) with BMI <19 Kg/m2 Low calcium/vitamin D intake Poor nutrition Total parenteral nutrition
Genetic factors	Female gender White and Asian race Maternal fractures Vitamin D and IGF-1 receptor gene polymorphisms