Table 3.
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta Odds Ratio |
SE | Beta Odds Ratio |
SE | Beta Odds Ratio |
SE | |
Material Hardship | ||||||
Lack of medical care | 0.287 | 0.253 | 0.240 | 0.256 | ||
1.332 | 1.271 | |||||
Free food | 0.168 | 0.216 | 0.191 | 0.217 | ||
1.182 | 1.211 | |||||
Phone turned off | 0.398*** | 0.160 | 0.377** | 0.161 | ||
1.489 | 1.459 | |||||
Unstable housing | 0.133 | 0.189 | 0.135 | 0.190 | ||
1.142 | 1.145 | |||||
Problems paying bills | 0.596*** | 0.163 | 0.590*** | 0.164 | ||
1.816 | 1.803 | |||||
Income to needs ratio | ||||||
1.0 to <1.5a | 0.069 | 0.189 | 0.059 | 0.196 | ||
1.072 | 1.060 | |||||
1.5 to <2.0a | 0.296 | 0.246 | 0.273 | 0.251 | ||
1.345 | 1.313 | |||||
2.0 to <4.0a | −0.081 | 0.241 | −0.042 | 0.250 | ||
0.922 | 0.959 | |||||
≥4.0a | −0.801** | 0.401 | −0.688* | 0.414 | ||
0.449 | 0.502 | |||||
Demographic Controls | ||||||
High school diplomab | −0.330 | 0.526 | −0.373 | 0.516 | −0.425 | 0.531 |
0.719 | 0.689 | 0.654 | ||||
More than high schoolb | −0.692 | 0.574 | −0.773 | 0.564 | −0.774 | 0.577 |
0.501 | 0.462 | 0.461 | ||||
Number of children | 0.219** | 0.098 | 0.234** | 0.098 | 0.227** | 0.099 |
1.245 | 1.264 | 1.254 | ||||
Age of youngest child | −0.049 | 0.064 | −0.032 | 0.065 | −0.034 | 0.066 |
0.952 | 0.968 | 0.967 | ||||
Poor/Fair self-reported health | 0.628*** | 0.180 | 0.703*** | 0.174 | 0.660*** | 0.181 |
1.874 | 2.019 | 1.936 | ||||
Age of householder | 0.239*** | 0.059 | 0.243*** | 0.058 | 0.240*** | 0.060 |
1.269 | 1.275 | 1.271 | ||||
Marriedc | 0.869 | 0.671 | 0.937 | 0.673 | 0.813 | 0.677 |
2.386 | 2.552 | 2.255 | ||||
Widowed/separated/divorced c | 1.562** | 0.774 | 1.910*** | 0.768 | 1.526** | 0.779 |
4.766 | 6.753 | 4.600 | ||||
Panel sample size | 1282 | 1282 | 1282 |
NOTE:
indicates significant at .01;
indicates significant at .05;
indicates significant at .10
The omitted reference group is those with income to needs ratios <1.0;
The omitted reference group is less than high school;
The omitted reference group is never married.