Table 4.

Estimated class differences with respect to change in Substance Problem Scale (from baseline to 3 months), as estimated by three methods that adjust for potential confounding and two unadjusted methods

	Unadjusted LCCA			Unadjusted Modal
Class Comparison	Est	SE	p-val	Est	SE	p-val
Indiv v Low	−0.37	0.18	0.04*	−0.30	0.17	0.07
(Indiv & Fam) v Low	−0.60	0.18	0.001*,†	−0.49	0.17	0.004*,†
Multiple v Low	−0.59	0.23	0.01*,†	−0.45	0.21	0.03*
(Indiv & Fam) v Indiv	−0.23	0.14	0.10	−0.18	0.11	0.09
Multiple v Indiv	−0.22	0.19	0.24	−0.14	0.16	0.38
Multiple v (Indiv & Fam)	0.01	0.21	0.97	0.04	0.17	0.81

	Adjusted LCCA			Modal with IPTW			Pseudoclass with IPTW
Class Comparison	Est	SE	p-val	Est	SE	p-val	Est	SE	p-val
Indiv v Low	−0.27	0.35	0.44	−0.10	0.18	0.58	−0.12	0.18	0.53
(Indiv & Fam) v Low	−0.37	0.29	0.20	−0.20	0.18	0.27	−0.20	0.18	0.27
Multiple v Low	−0.27	0.36	0.45	−0.20	0.24	0.41	−0.24	0.24	0.32
(Indiv & Fam) v Indiv	−0.11	0.18	0.56	−0.10	0.11	0.38	−0.08	0.12	0.47
Multiple v Indiv	−0.01	0.26	0.98	−0.09	0.19	0.62	−0.12	0.19	0.52
Multiple v (Indiv & Fam)	0.10	0.28	0.73	0.00	0.19	0.98	0.08	0.12	0.47

^*denotes p < 0.05,

^†denotes stepwise Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.05

Abbreviations: Low = Low Service Utilization class; Indiv = Individual-Focused Services class; Indiv & Fam = Individual- and Family-Focused Services class; Multiple = Multiple Services class