Table 2.
Characteristics for pairs where at least one twin was a musician (n = 27 pairs1).
| Cases (n = 27) | Controls (n = 27) | Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for crude model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 78 ± 6.1 (66–89) | 78 ± 6.1 (66–89) | ||
| Women | 11 (40.7) | 10 (37) | ||
| Men | 16 (59.3) | 17 (63) | ||
| Education (years) | 8.9 ± 3.4 (6–16) | 8.6 ± 3.4 (6–16) | OR = 0.96 (0.9, 1.1) | |
| Physical activity2 | 0.9 ± 1 (0–3) | 1.5 ± 1 (0–3) | OR = 0.6* (0.5, 0.8) | |
| Musicians | 10 (37) | 21 (78) | OR = 0.35* (0.14, 0.9) | |
| Zygotic status | ||||
| Monozygotic | 3 (11.1) | |||
| Same-sex dizygotic | 14 (51.9) | |||
| Opposite sex dizygotic | 9 (33.3) | |||
| Indeterminate | 1 (3.7) | |||
| Clinical diagnoses | ||||
| Dementia | 16 (59.3) | |||
| Cognitive impairment | 11 (40.7) | |||
| Cognitively intact | 27 (100) |
Data are n (%) or means ± SD (range).
1There were 31 musicians in the sample. In 4 pairs, both twins were musicians.
2Physical activity was assessed using a 0–3 scale, where 0 is no activity and 3 is frequent activity.
* P < 0.05.