Figure 1. Toxicity of acute oral clothianidin treatment for adult A. ipsilon males.

Four-day-old males were intoxicated with a range of concentrations of clothianidin (0.1 ng–2.5 µg/moth). The number of surviving males was recorded 24 h and 48 h after intoxication. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined at 69±0.04 ng and 29±0.07 ng/moth 24 h and 48 h after treatment respectively. N = 50 for each dose.