Figure 3.
qPCR analyses (A, HO-1; B, iNOS; C, TNF-α; D, IL-6; E, COX-2) showing that LPS-induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α is significantly reduced by PEITC in Nrf2+/+ macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Although the effect was comparably less in response to CUR treatment, it still lowered LPS-induced gene expression of those genes at 10 μM. However, the same effect of PEITC and CUR was not seen in the Nrf2–/– macrophages. PEITC and CUR also significantly increased the expression of HO-1 in Nrf2+/+ macrophages, whereas the effect was not seen in the Nrf2–/– macrophages. The results are shown as the mean ± SE of three independent experiments (n = 3). §, statistical significance between Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2–/– macrophages; #, statistical significance between LPS and treatment groups in Nrf2+/+ macrophages; *, statistical significance between LPS and treatment groups in Nrf2–/– macrophages.