Table 1.
Study period
| Country | Germany | UK | France | Sweden | Belgium | Germany | The Netherlands | UK |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Database | EMR | LRx | ||||||
| Selection window | exBID, LIRA: January 1, 2010–December 31, 2011 | exBID, LIRA: May 1, 2010–April 30, 2012 | ||||||
| exQW (Germany only): June 1, 2011–June 30, 2012 | exQW: June 1, 2011–October 31, 2012 | |||||||
| Study end date | December 31, 2012 | September 30, 2013 | April 1, 2013 | |||||
| Continuous Eligibility Criteria/Follow-up | ||||||||
| Germany/ France EMR | Based on patient activity (physician visit or written prescription), and additionally in France, reporting physician required to report consistently throughout the study window; followed until the last evidence of activity within the study period | |||||||
| UK EMR | Based on patient registration date; followed until study end date or de-registration date | |||||||
| LRx | Based on patient prescription activity and all pharmacies visited by patient eligible for the full study time frame; followed until the end of study window (exception of UK LRx; aggregate-level analysis) | |||||||
| Sweden | Based on patient prescription activity; followed until first of either end of study period or death | |||||||
| Evidence of T2D (no evidence of T1D) | ||||||||
| EMR (diagnoses available) | Evidence of T2D was required as either (a) ICD-10 diagnosis codes of diabetes, E10–E14, in the 180-day pre-index (termed the pre-index period) up to 60 days post-index or (b) at least ≥1 OAM class and no diagnosis for polycystic ovarian syndrome (ICD-10: E28.2) in the pre-index period | |||||||
| Patients were excluded if they had evidence of T1D: patients with a diagnosis of E10 in the pre-index period meeting all of the following criteria: (a) no E11 diagnosis (T2D), (b) no OAM use, and (c) insulin use in the pre-index period, and (d) 40 years of age or younger at first E10 diagnosis; or if they had pregnancy diagnoses (ICD-10 O00–O9A0) in the pre-index period | ||||||||
| LRx/ Sweden | ≥1 OAM class used in the pre-index period | |||||||
EMR Electronic Medical Records databases, exBID exenatide twice daily, exQW exenatide once weekly, LIRA liraglutide once daily, ICD International Classification of Diseases, LRx Longitudinal Prescriptions databases, OAM oral antihyperglycemic medication, T1D type 1 diabetes, T2D type 2 diabetes, UK United Kingdom